Impala supports the following utility functions that do not operate on a particular column or data type:

• CURRENT_DATABASE
• EFFECTIVE_USER
• GET_JSON_OBJECT
• LOGGED_IN_USER
• PID
• SLEEP
• USER
• UUID
• VERSION

CURREN_DATABASE()

Purpose: Returns the database that the session is currently using, either default if no database has been selected, or whatever database the session switched to through a USE statement or the impalad -d option.

Return type: STRING

EFFECTIVE_USER()

Purpose: Typically returns the same value as USER(), except if delegation is enabled, in which case it returns the ID of the delegated user.

Return type: STRING

Added in: CDH 5.4.5 / Impala 2.2.5

GET_JSON_OBJECT(STRING json_str, STRING selector)

Purpose: Extracts JSON object from the json_str based on the selector JSON path and returns the string of the extracted JSON object.

The function returns NULL if the input json_str is invalid or if nothing is selected based on the selector JSON path.

The following characters are supported in the selector JSON path:

• $ : Denotes the root object
• . : Denotes the child operator
• [] : Denotes the subscript operator for array
• * : Denotes the wildcard for [] or .

Return type: STRING

Examples:

---- QUERY
SELECT GET_JSON_OBJECT ('{"a":true, "b":false, "c":true}', '$.*');
---- RESULTS
[true,false,true]

---- QUERY
SELECT GET_JSON_OBJECT(t.json, '$.a.b.c') FROM (VALUES (
 ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}' AS json),
 ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 2}}}'),
 ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 3}}}')
)) t
---- RESULTS
'1'
'2'
'3'

---- QUERY
SELECT GET_JSON_OBJECT(t.json, '$.a'),
 GET_JSON_OBJECT(t.json, '$.b'),
 GET_JSON_OBJECT(t.json, '$.c')
FROM (VALUES (
 ('{"a":1, "b":2, "c":3}' AS json),
 ('{"b":2, "c":3}'),
 ('{"c":3}')
)) t
---- RESULTS
'1','2','3'
'NULL','2','3'
'NULL','NULL','3'

---- QUERY
SELECT GET_JSON_OBJECT(t.json, '$[1]'),
 GET_JSON_OBJECT(t.json, '$[*]')
FROM (VALUES (
 ('["a", "b", "c"]' AS json),
 ('["a", "b"]'),
 ('["a"]')
)) t
---- RESULTS
'b','["a","b","c"]'
'b','["a","b"]'
'NULL','a'

Added in: CDH 6.1

LOGGED_IN_USER()

Purpose: Typically returns the same value as USER(). If delegation is enabled, it returns the ID of the delegated user.

LOGGED_IN_USER() is an alias of EFFECTIVE_USER().

Return type: STRING

Added in: CDH 6.1

PID()

Purpose: Returns the process ID of the impalad daemon that the session is connected to. You can use it during low-level debugging, to issue Linux commands that trace, show the arguments, and so on the impalad process.

Return type: INT

SLEEP(INT ms)

Purpose: Pauses the query for a specified number of milliseconds. For slowing down queries with small result sets enough to monitor runtime execution, memory usage, or other factors that otherwise would be difficult to capture during the brief interval of query execution. When used in the SELECT list, it is called once for each row in the result set; adjust the number of milliseconds accordingly. For example, a query SELECT *, sleep(5) FROM table_with_1000_rows would take at least 5 seconds to complete (5 milliseconds * 1000 rows in result set). To avoid an excessive number of concurrent queries, use this function for troubleshooting on test and development systems, not for production queries.

Return type: N/A

USER()

Purpose: Returns the username of the Linux user who is connected to the impalad daemon. Typically called a single time, in a query without any FROM clause, to understand how authorization settings apply in a security context; once you know the logged-in username, you can check which groups that user belongs to, and from the list of groups you can check which roles are available to those groups through the authorization policy file.

Impala 2.0 and later, USER() returns the full Kerberos principal string, such as user@example.com, in a Kerberized environment.

When delegation is enabled, consider calling the effective_user() function instead.

Return type: STRING

UUID()

Purpose: Returns a universal unique identifier, a 128-bit value encoded as a string with groups of hexadecimal digits separated by dashes.

Each call to UUID() produces a new arbitrary value.

If you get a UUID for each row of a result set, you can use it as a unique identifier within a table, or even a unique ID across tables.

Return type: STRING

Added in: CDH 5.7.0 / Impala 2.5.0

Usage notes:

Ascending numeric sequences of type BIGINT are often used as identifiers within a table, and as join keys across multiple tables. The uuid() value is a convenient alternative that does not require storing or querying the highest sequence number. For example, you can use it to quickly construct new unique identifiers during a data import job, or to combine data from different tables without the likelihood of ID collisions.

VERSION()

Purpose: Returns information such as the precise version number and build date for the impalad daemon that you are currently connected to. Typically used to confirm that you are connected to the expected level of Impala to use a particular feature, or to connect to several nodes and confirm they are all running the same level of impalad.

Return type: STRING (with one or more embedded newlines)

COORDINATOR()

Purpose: Returns the name of the host which is running the impalad daemon that is acting as the coordinator for the current query.

Return type: STRING

Added in: CDH 6.1